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Type: |
| Gross |
| Organ/System: |
| Heart |
| Description: |
| HEART: Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Gross natural color moderately hypertrophied heart shown in horizontal section hyperemic subendocardium has no microscopic lesion long standing type I diabetic no significant coronary artery lesions congestive heart failure KW lesions in kidney
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© University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology
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Type: |
| Gross |
| Organ/System: |
| Liver-Biliary |
| Description: |
| LIVER-BILIARY: Passive Congestion And Polished Nutmeg: Gross liver partially fixed split screen with liver on left that is to be honest not a typical passive congestion but it does look very much like the nutmeg on the right half of the screen
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© University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology
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Type: |
| Micro |
| Organ/System: |
| Liver-Biliary |
| Description: |
| LIVER-BILIARY: Atheromatous Embolism: Micro low mag trichrome liver parenchyma difficult to see at this low mag but appears to show severe passive congestion well shown hepatic artery is completely occluded by cholesterol clefts and fibromuscular intimal thickening
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© University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology
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Type: |
| Gross |
| Organ/System: |
| Liver-Biliary |
| Description: |
| LIVER-BILIARY: Infarct: Gross natural color large areas of infarction without appearance of severe congestion liver is brownish color perhaps reflecting fatty change with severe shock history not available
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© University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology
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Type: |
| Radiology |
| Organ/System: |
| Aorta |
| Description: |
| AORTA: CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; INTERVAL WIDENING OF SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM,TRACHEAL DEVIATION (PLAIN FILM)
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© Slice of Life and Suzanne S. Stensaas
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Type: |
| Micro |
| Organ/System: |
| Mammary Gland |
| Description: |
| MAMMARY GLAND: CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA Hemorrhagic tumor with grossly well-defined margins consists of dilated vascular channels, some of which are congested with red blood cells. (Figures 458 and 460-462 are from the same patient.)
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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Type: |
| Micro |
| Organ/System: |
| Mammary Gland |
| Description: |
| MAMMARY GLAND: CHRONIC LYMPHEDEMA OF ARM Vertical section of skin showing hyperkeratosis, markedly thickened dermis with edema, collagenization, and elastosis. Note lymphocytic infiltrate, and capillaries congested with erythrocytes in deep dermis (arrows).
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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Type: |
| Micro |
| Organ/System: |
| Lower Respiratory Tract |
| Description: |
| LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT: PLEURAL METASTASIS OF ADENOCARCINOMA MIMICKING MESOTHELIOMA The pleural surface (right) shows a diffuse growth of adenocarcinoma cells mimicking the growth pattern of a mesothelioma. The underlying lung tissue shows congestion and atelectasis.
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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Type: |
| Gross |
| Organ/System: |
| Heart-Great Vessels |
| Description: |
| HEART-GREAT VESSELS: CARDIAC MYXOMA A resected specimen of right atrial myxoma with a smooth surface and a portion of the atrial septum. The patient was a 73-year-old woman with congestive heart failure.
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Gross |
| Organ/System: |
| Heart-Great Vessels |
| Description: |
| HEART-GREAT VESSELS: UNDIFFERENTIATED SARCOMA This specimen is from the autopsy of a 1-year-old girl who died of congestive heart failure. Note the bulky tumor which histologically was undifferentiated (not shown).
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Micro |
| Organ/System: |
| Heart-Great Vessels |
| Description: |
| HEART-GREAT VESSELS: LIPOSARCOMA There are numerous lipoblasts with vacuolated cytoplasm. This tumor was removed from the right atrium of a 70-year-old woman with congestive heart failure and pericardial effusion.
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Gross |
| Organ/System: |
| Adrenal Gland |
| Description: |
| ADRENAL GLAND: PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA The pheochromocytoma measures about 3 cm in diameter and on cross section is glistening gray-white, with an irregular pattern of congestion. There was a strong chromaffin reaction after tumor immersion in Zenker's fixative.
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Gross |
| Organ/System: |
| Adrenal Gland |
| Description: |
| ADRENAL GLAND: COMPOSITE PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA This cross section of a composite pheochromocytoma has many areas which microscopically resemble ganglioneuroblastoma. The tumor was resected from a 42-year-old woman who presented with signs and symptoms of excess catecholamine secretion. There are irregular areas of cystic degeneration along with congestion and hemorrhage.
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Gross |
| Organ/System: |
| Adrenal Gland |
| Description: |
| ADRENAL GLAND: CAROTID BODY PARAGANGLIOMA Cross section of CBP resected from an adult patient with a familial history of similar tumors. Grooves on either side represent impressions left by internal and external carotid artery branches. Deeply congested lymph nodes attached to the specimen were negative for tumor.
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Gross |
| Organ/System: |
| Adrenal Gland |
| Description: |
| ADRENAL GLAND: CAROTID BODY PARAGANGLIOMA The bisected CBP is deeply congested and hemorrhagic on cross section (right side). The external aspect of the tumor (left side) is relatively smooth.
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Gross |
| Organ/System: |
| Adrenal Gland |
| Description: |
| ADRENAL GLAND: CAROTID BODY PARAGANGLIOMA CBP on cross section has irregular areas of pallor and congestion. The tumor had been embolized via the ascending pharyngeal artery, resulting in confluent areas of tumor necrosis.
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Other |
| Organ/System: |
| Adrenal Gland |
| Description: |
| ADRENAL GLAND: TYMPANIC PARAGANGLIOMA Tympanic paraganglioma appears as a small, deeply congested lesion on the cochlear promontory of the middle ear. The tumor is apparent through intact tympanic membrane. (Courtesy of Dr. W. R. Wilson, Washington, DC.)
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Other |
| Organ/System: |
| Adrenal Gland |
| Description: |
| ADRENAL GLAND: JUGULAR PARAGANGLIOMA JP appears as a lobulated, deeply congested mass bulging out the tympanic membrane. The tumor has completely filled the middle ear cavity. (Courtesy of Dr. A. Julianna Gulya, Washington, DC.)
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Gross |
| Organ/System: |
| Adrenal Gland |
| Description: |
| ADRENAL GLAND: VAGAL PARAGANGLIOMA Vagal paraganglioma from a 69-year-old woman is deeply congested, with some areas of sclerosis evident on cross section. A portion of the resected vagus nerve is attached to the tumor on the right side. The left portion of the tumor extended up to base of skull near the jugular foramen.
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Gross |
| Organ/System: |
| Adrenal Gland |
| Description: |
| ADRENAL GLAND: STROMA-POOR NEUROBLASTOMA OF UPPER ABDOMEN IN A TEENAGE PATIENT Bulging nodules of tumor are congested and hemorrhagic with punctate yellowish areas representing dystrophic calcification.
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Gross |
| Organ/System: |
| Mediastinum |
| Description: |
| MEDIASTINUM: CARCINOID TUMOR Horizontal section of the thymus reveals a thinly encapsulated tumor with a pale tan congested surface showing yellow streaks of necrosis. Three smaller tumors were present in the same lobe, and multiple lymph nodes with metastases in the mediastinum and neck were removed at the same time. (Figures 142 and 143 are from the same case.)
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Image and description from the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology
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Type: |
| Radiology |
| Organ/System: |
| Vascular |
| Description: |
| VASCULAR: Case# 20: SMV & PV THROMBOSIS, BOWEL EDEMA, ITP. 54 yo female with ITP and hepatitis who presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. There is thrombosis of the right and left portal veins, main portal vein, splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein. Thrombus extends into a segmental branch of the SMV (seen on the last image). In the portion of bowel drained by the thrombosed SMV, the bowel wall is thickened. Diffuse strandy inflammatory changes are also apparent in the region of ileum and ascending colon indicating mesenteric congestion. SMV thrombosis can be an acute or chronic process. In acute SMV thrombosis, the SMV may become enlarged and have a high attenuation value (equal to or higher than soft tissue). Chronic SMV thrombosis is characterized by mild enlargement of the vein with central low denstiy surrounded by higher density wall. Associated findings may include increased attenuatiuon of the mesenteric fat due to mesenteric edema and bowel wall thickening due to stasis and mesenteric ischemia.
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© University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Radiology
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Type: |
| Radiology |
| Organ/System: |
| Vascular |
| Description: |
| VASCULAR: Case# 20: SMV & PV THROMBOSIS, BOWEL EDEMA, ITP. 54 yo female with ITP and hepatitis who presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. There is thrombosis of the right and left portal veins, main portal vein, splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein. Thrombus extends into a segmental branch of the SMV (seen on the last image). In the portion of bowel drained by the thrombosed SMV, the bowel wall is thickened. Diffuse strandy inflammatory changes are also apparent in the region of ileum and ascending colon indicating mesenteric congestion. SMV thrombosis can be an acute or chronic process. In acute SMV thrombosis, the SMV may become enlarged and have a high attenuation value (equal to or higher than soft tissue). Chronic SMV thrombosis is characterized by mild enlargement of the vein with central low denstiy surrounded by higher density wall. Associated findings may include increased attenuatiuon of the mesenteric fat due to mesenteric edema and bowel wall thickening due to stasis and mesenteric ischemia.
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© University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Radiology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Radiology |
| Organ/System: |
| Vascular |
| Description: |
| VASCULAR: Case# 20: SMV & PV THROMBOSIS, BOWEL EDEMA, ITP. 54 yo female with ITP and hepatitis who presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. There is thrombosis of the right and left portal veins, main portal vein, splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein. Thrombus extends into a segmental branch of the SMV (seen on the last image). In the portion of bowel drained by the thrombosed SMV, the bowel wall is thickened. Diffuse strandy inflammatory changes are also apparent in the region of ileum and ascending colon indicating mesenteric congestion. SMV thrombosis can be an acute or chronic process. In acute SMV thrombosis, the SMV may become enlarged and have a high attenuation value (equal to or higher than soft tissue). Chronic SMV thrombosis is characterized by mild enlargement of the vein with central low denstiy surrounded by higher density wall. Associated findings may include increased attenuatiuon of the mesenteric fat due to mesenteric edema and bowel wall thickening due to stasis and mesenteric ischemia.
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© University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Radiology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Radiology |
| Organ/System: |
| Vascular |
| Description: |
| VASCULAR: Case# 20: SMV & PV THROMBOSIS, BOWEL EDEMA, ITP. 54 yo female with ITP and hepatitis who presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. There is thrombosis of the right and left portal veins, main portal vein, splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein. Thrombus extends into a segmental branch of the SMV (seen on the last image). In the portion of bowel drained by the thrombosed SMV, the bowel wall is thickened. Diffuse strandy inflammatory changes are also apparent in the region of ileum and ascending colon indicating mesenteric congestion. SMV thrombosis can be an acute or chronic process. In acute SMV thrombosis, the SMV may become enlarged and have a high attenuation value (equal to or higher than soft tissue). Chronic SMV thrombosis is characterized by mild enlargement of the vein with central low denstiy surrounded by higher density wall. Associated findings may include increased attenuatiuon of the mesenteric fat due to mesenteric edema and bowel wall thickening due to stasis and mesenteric ischemia.
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© University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Radiology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Radiology |
| Organ/System: |
| Vascular |
| Description: |
| VASCULAR: Case# 20: SMV & PV THROMBOSIS, BOWEL EDEMA, ITP. 54 yo female with ITP and hepatitis who presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. There is thrombosis of the right and left portal veins, main portal vein, splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein. Thrombus extends into a segmental branch of the SMV (seen on the last image). In the portion of bowel drained by the thrombosed SMV, the bowel wall is thickened. Diffuse strandy inflammatory changes are also apparent in the region of ileum and ascending colon indicating mesenteric congestion. SMV thrombosis can be an acute or chronic process. In acute SMV thrombosis, the SMV may become enlarged and have a high attenuation value (equal to or higher than soft tissue). Chronic SMV thrombosis is characterized by mild enlargement of the vein with central low denstiy surrounded by higher density wall. Associated findings may include increased attenuatiuon of the mesenteric fat due to mesenteric edema and bowel wall thickening due to stasis and mesenteric ischemia.
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© University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Radiology
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Type: |
| Radiology |
| Organ/System: |
| Liver-biliary |
| Description: |
| LIVER-BILIARY: Case# 75: PRIMARY BILIARY CIRHOSIS, BILIARY ATRESIA, LIVER MASS. The patient is a 15-year-old male being evaluated for liver transplant for cirrhosis secondary to biliary atresia. Ultrasound performed the previous day demonstrated a mass posterior to the left hepatic lobe. CT is requested for follow-up. The hepatic contour is irregular with enlargement of the left hepatic lobe consistent with a cirrhotic morphology. A lobulated projection off the left lobe posteriorly measuring 4 x 4.5 cm is similar in appearance to the mass described on ultrasound. This lobulation demonstrates homogeneous density similar to the liver. An apparent tissue plane between this lobulated projection and the posterior left hepatic lobe is noted on the inferior images. The liver itself demonstrates moderate heterogeneity with mild dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts confined predominantly to the left hepatic lobe. Pneumobilia is noted in the porta and the right hepatic lobe. Multiple surgical clips are noted just superior to the pancreatic head. The spleen is enlarged demonstrating patchy enhancement on the initial CT images with homogeneous enhancement on delayed scan. Definitive focal splenic lesion is not identified. Multiple perisplenic, gastrohepatic, and mild para-esophageal varices are noted. Mild amount of mesenteric congestion is also seen. There is no evidence of ascites. There is moderate compression of the left kidney by the enlarged spleen, otherwise, the kidneys appear normal. Gallbladder is not seen consistent with patient's history of biliary atresia versus prior surgical removal.
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© University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Radiology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Radiology |
| Organ/System: |
| Liver-biliary |
| Description: |
| LIVER-BILIARY: Case# 75: PRIMARY BILIARY CIRHOSIS, BILIARY ATRESIA, LIVER MASS. The patient is a 15-year-old male being evaluated for liver transplant for cirrhosis secondary to biliary atresia. Ultrasound performed the previous day demonstrated a mass posterior to the left hepatic lobe. CT is requested for follow-up. The hepatic contour is irregular with enlargement of the left hepatic lobe consistent with a cirrhotic morphology. A lobulated projection off the left lobe posteriorly measuring 4 x 4.5 cm is similar in appearance to the mass described on ultrasound. This lobulation demonstrates homogeneous density similar to the liver. An apparent tissue plane between this lobulated projection and the posterior left hepatic lobe is noted on the inferior images. The liver itself demonstrates moderate heterogeneity with mild dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts confined predominantly to the left hepatic lobe. Pneumobilia is noted in the porta and the right hepatic lobe. Multiple surgical clips are noted just superior to the pancreatic head. The spleen is enlarged demonstrating patchy enhancement on the initial CT images with homogeneous enhancement on delayed scan. Definitive focal splenic lesion is not identified. Multiple perisplenic, gastrohepatic, and mild para-esophageal varices are noted. Mild amount of mesenteric congestion is also seen. There is no evidence of ascites. There is moderate compression of the left kidney by the enlarged spleen, otherwise, the kidneys appear normal. Gallbladder is not seen consistent with patient's history of biliary atresia versus prior surgical removal.
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© University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Radiology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Radiology |
| Organ/System: |
| Liver-biliary |
| Description: |
| LIVER-BILIARY: Case# 75: PRIMARY BILIARY CIRHOSIS, BILIARY ATRESIA, LIVER MASS. The patient is a 15-year-old male being evaluated for liver transplant for cirrhosis secondary to biliary atresia. Ultrasound performed the previous day demonstrated a mass posterior to the left hepatic lobe. CT is requested for follow-up. The hepatic contour is irregular with enlargement of the left hepatic lobe consistent with a cirrhotic morphology. A lobulated projection off the left lobe posteriorly measuring 4 x 4.5 cm is similar in appearance to the mass described on ultrasound. This lobulation demonstrates homogeneous density similar to the liver. An apparent tissue plane between this lobulated projection and the posterior left hepatic lobe is noted on the inferior images. The liver itself demonstrates moderate heterogeneity with mild dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts confined predominantly to the left hepatic lobe. Pneumobilia is noted in the porta and the right hepatic lobe. Multiple surgical clips are noted just superior to the pancreatic head. The spleen is enlarged demonstrating patchy enhancement on the initial CT images with homogeneous enhancement on delayed scan. Definitive focal splenic lesion is not identified. Multiple perisplenic, gastrohepatic, and mild para-esophageal varices are noted. Mild amount of mesenteric congestion is also seen. There is no evidence of ascites. There is moderate compression of the left kidney by the enlarged spleen, otherwise, the kidneys appear normal. Gallbladder is not seen consistent with patient's history of biliary atresia versus prior surgical removal.
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© University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Radiology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Radiology |
| Organ/System: |
| Liver-biliary |
| Description: |
| LIVER-BILIARY: Case# 92: CIRRHOSIS. This is a 34 year old man with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis and multiple episodes of esophageal variceal bleeding and pancreatitis. The patient presents today with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain and severe weight loss. Currently, there is extensive patchy low attenuation throughout the liver which has progressed considerably compared to a previous study. This is most consistent with diffuse infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma. Other findings include significantly increased degree of ascites compared to the previous study. There is also a focally dilated loop of distal small bowel of uncertain significance. Extensive edema of the colon wall, mesentery and omentum is seen. Extensive varices are again identified. Liver cirrhosis is characterized by a generalized disorganization of hepatic archictecture with scarring and nodule formation. Other sequelae include liver cell damage, regenerative activity, and generalized fibrosis resulting in a nodular pattern. There is an increased incidence of hepatocelluar carcinoma associated with cirrhosis of the liver. Causes of cirrhosis include prolonged alcohol intake, viral hepatitis, biliary obstruction, Wilson's disease, and heart failure with long-standing chronic passive congestion of the liver. Alcoholic (Laennec's, nutritional) cirrhosis is the most frequently occurring form of the disorder. Clinical manifestations of the disease include jaundice, hypoalbuminemia, coagulation factor deficiencies, hypersplenism, and intrahepatic scarring with increased portal venous pressure. The increase in portal venous pressure can lead to esophageal varices, rectal hemorrhiods, periumbilical venous collaterals (caput medusae), and splenomegaly. Morphologically, the liver may be enlarged or small and shrunken depending upon the progression of the disease. The nodular pattern is most often micronodular in alcoholic cirrhosis. Hepatic architecture is obscured by fibrous bands surrounding nodules of distorted liver cell plates. The fibrous bands contain proliferating bile ducts and inflammatory cells. In the final stages of cirrhosis the nodules become larger and more irregular resulting in a scarred, shrunken liver referred to as a "hobnail liver". Patients with cirrhosis of the liver often present with the following radiological findings. Fatty infiltration with hepatomegaly can be seen in the early stages of cirrhosis. Other characteristic findings include non-uniform attenuation due to chronic fatty infiltration and irregular fibrosis, irregular lobulated hepatic contour due to areas of atrophy and nodular regeneration, intrahepatic regenerating nodules, atrophy of the right lobe and hypertrophy of the left and caudate lobes, decreased liver volume accompanying chronic cirrhosis, increased size and prominence of the intrahepatic fissure due to shrunken liver parenchyma, signs of portal hypertension, and ascites. A ratio comparing the sizes of the caudate lobe and right lobe is a good diagnostic indicator of patients with cirrhosis. The caudate is measured transversely from the medial aspect of the caudate to the lateral aspect of the main portal vein. The right lobe is measured from this same point at the portal vein to the right lateral margin of the liver. A caudate-to-right-lobe ratio greater than 0.65 provides 96% confidence in the diagnosis of cirrhosis. A caudate-to-right-lobe ratio less then 0.6 makes cirrhosis unlikely, whereas a ratio of 0.37 is the average for normal liverso
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© University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Radiology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Radiology |
| Organ/System: |
| Liver-biliary |
| Description: |
| LIVER-BILIARY: Case# 92: CIRRHOSIS. This is a 34 year old man with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis and multiple episodes of esophageal variceal bleeding and pancreatitis. The patient presents today with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain and severe weight loss. Currently, there is extensive patchy low attenuation throughout the liver which has progressed considerably compared to a previous study. This is most consistent with diffuse infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma. Other findings include significantly increased degree of ascites compared to the previous study. There is also a focally dilated loop of distal small bowel of uncertain significance. Extensive edema of the colon wall, mesentery and omentum is seen. Extensive varices are again identified. Liver cirrhosis is characterized by a generalized disorganization of hepatic archictecture with scarring and nodule formation. Other sequelae include liver cell damage, regenerative activity, and generalized fibrosis resulting in a nodular pattern. There is an increased incidence of hepatocelluar carcinoma associated with cirrhosis of the liver. Causes of cirrhosis include prolonged alcohol intake, viral hepatitis, biliary obstruction, Wilson's disease, and heart failure with long-standing chronic passive congestion of the liver. Alcoholic (Laennec's, nutritional) cirrhosis is the most frequently occurring form of the disorder. Clinical manifestations of the disease include jaundice, hypoalbuminemia, coagulation factor deficiencies, hypersplenism, and intrahepatic scarring with increased portal venous pressure. The increase in portal venous pressure can lead to esophageal varices, rectal hemorrhiods, periumbilical venous collaterals (caput medusae), and splenomegaly. Morphologically, the liver may be enlarged or small and shrunken depending upon the progression of the disease. The nodular pattern is most often micronodular in alcoholic cirrhosis. Hepatic architecture is obscured by fibrous bands surrounding nodules of distorted liver cell plates. The fibrous bands contain proliferating bile ducts and inflammatory cells. In the final stages of cirrhosis the nodules become larger and more irregular resulting in a scarred, shrunken liver referred to as a "hobnail liver". Patients with cirrhosis of the liver often present with the following radiological findings. Fatty infiltration with hepatomegaly can be seen in the early stages of cirrhosis. Other characteristic findings include non-uniform attenuation due to chronic fatty infiltration and irregular fibrosis, irregular lobulated hepatic contour due to areas of atrophy and nodular regeneration, intrahepatic regenerating nodules, atrophy of the right lobe and hypertrophy of the left and caudate lobes, decreased liver volume accompanying chronic cirrhosis, increased size and prominence of the intrahepatic fissure due to shrunken liver parenchyma, signs of portal hypertension, and ascites. A ratio comparing the sizes of the caudate lobe and right lobe is a good diagnostic indicator of patients with cirrhosis. The caudate is measured transversely from the medial aspect of the caudate to the lateral aspect of the main portal vein. The right lobe is measured from this same point at the portal vein to the right lateral margin of the liver. A caudate-to-right-lobe ratio greater than 0.65 provides 96% confidence in the diagnosis of cirrhosis. A caudate-to-right-lobe ratio less then 0.6 makes cirrhosis unlikely, whereas a ratio of 0.37 is the average for normal livers.
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© University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Radiology
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|  |
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Type: |
| Radiology |
| Organ/System: |
| Liver-biliary |
| Description: |
| LIVER-BILIARY: Case# 92: CIRRHOSIS. This is a 34 year old man with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis and multiple episodes of esophageal variceal bleeding and pancreatitis. The patient presents today with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain and severe weight loss. Currently, there is extensive patchy low attenuation throughout the liver which has progressed considerably compared to a previous study. This is most consistent with diffuse infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma. Other findings include significantly increased degree of ascites compared to the previous study. There is also a focally dilated loop of distal small bowel of uncertain significance. Extensive edema of the colon wall, mesentery and omentum is seen. Extensive varices are again identified. Liver cirrhosis is characterized by a generalized disorganization of hepatic archictecture with scarring and nodule formation. Other sequelae include liver cell damage, regenerative activity, and generalized fibrosis resulting in a nodular pattern. There is an increased incidenc | | |
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